Just landed in Albania? Your first 7 days

Mobile data is cheap, fast and near-universal in cities; 4G covers virtually all populated areas and 5G is live across Tirana and expanding to Durres and the coast. SIMs are prepaid and must be registered against your passport at the point of sale, which takes a few minutes. Home fibre from ALBtelecom or Vodafone is fast and inexpensive but usually needs a local address and sometimes an ID number to install.

Typical cost: Around 1,000-1,500 lek per month for a bundle with generous data and calls; tourist starter packs from about 500 lek. Home fibre broadband runs roughly 1,500-3,000 lek per month depending on speed and provider.

Albania is overwhelmingly a cash economy in lek, though euros are widely accepted informally for rent and big purchases. Keep small notes on hand and expect to pay cash for rent, taxis, markets and most small businesses. Cards work in supermarkets and chains but assume anything small or informal will need physical lek.

Opening an account: Opening an account as a foreigner is possible but usually requires a residence permit (leje qendrimi) and a NIPT tax number, so it is not an arrival-day task. BKT, Credins, Raiffeisen and Intesa Sanpaolo Bank Albania are the most foreigner-friendly, and requirements vary by branch, so it is worth ringing ahead or bringing a local contact. Many newcomers run on Wise or Revolut for months before bothering with a local account.

Cash: Card payments work in supermarkets, chain restaurants, pharmacies and hotels, but landlords, taxis, furgon drivers, markets and neighbourhood shops expect physical lek. Always carry a mix of small denominations, because a 5,000 lek note is hard to break outside larger shops.

Tipping: Tipping is modest and optional; rounding up or leaving 5-10% in restaurants is appreciated but not expected. Leave the tip in cash even when you settle the bill by card, as tips added to card payments rarely reach staff. In cafes, leaving the small coins from your change is the norm.

Where: Local Border and Migration Police (Policia Kufitare dhe e Migracionit) office, with much of the residence-permit paperwork initiated through the e-Albania portal.

There is no mandatory address-registration step for short-stay foreigners; most nationalities may stay up to 12 months visa-free in any 12-month period, which is unusually generous. There is no routine hotel or address check-in for individuals. Registration only becomes relevant if you intend to stay beyond your visa-free entitlement or to work, at which point you apply for a residence permit at the Border and Migration Police and register your Albanian address as part of that process. Keep evidence of your entry date, since the visa-free clock is self-tracked and overstaying can mean fines on exit.

Tirana is compact and walkable, with cheap city buses charging a 40 lek flat fare paid in cash to the onboard conductor, alongside heavy, horn-heavy traffic. There is no metro or tram, and no useful passenger rail network, so intercity travel is by furgon (shared minibus), coach and ride apps rather than trains. Driving is cheap but chaotic, and parking in central Tirana is a headache, so many newcomers stay car-free.

From the airport: The Rinas Express bus links Tirana International Airport (Rinas / TIA) to central Tirana near Skanderbeg Square for about 400 lek, running roughly hourly and taking around 40 minutes. Licensed taxis cost around 2,000-2,500 lek; use the Bolt or Speed Taxi app, or the official rank, and confirm the fare before setting off. For the coast, furgons and coaches leave from Tirana's regional and southern bus terminals.

Renting is easy and cheap by European standards, and deals are often arranged informally through Facebook groups, Merrjep.com or local agents rather than big portals. Written contracts and receipts exist but many landlords prefer cash and off-the-books arrangements, so insist on a signed agreement if you want it for a residence permit or a tax record. Furnished flats are the norm and short-notice moves are common.

Typical rent: A one-bedroom flat in central Tirana runs roughly 300-600 EUR (about 30,000-60,000 lek) per month; outside the centre and in smaller cities such as Shkodra or Berat, 150-350 EUR is common. Coastal cities spike sharply in summer, so year-round leases on the Riviera are pricier and scarcer than winter rates suggest.

Deposit: Where an agency is involved, expect an agency fee of roughly one month's rent. Utilities are usually billed on top and paid in cash or via app; confirm who pays for water, power and building fees before signing.

Public healthcare is universal in principle but under-resourced and uneven, so most expats and middle-class Albanians use private clinics in Tirana for anything beyond the trivial. Pharmacies are plentiful, English is often spoken in private clinics, and many medicines are dispensed over the counter without a prescription. Dental care in Tirana is a particular bargain and draws medical tourists.

How to use it: Walk into a private clinic such as Hygeia, American Hospital (Spitali Amerikan) or Salus in Tirana and pay per visit; consultations run roughly 3,000-6,000 lek. Pharmacies (farmaci) with a green cross handle minor issues and can advise on medicines directly. For emergencies dial 127 for an ambulance or 112 for the general operator, though private ambulance response is often faster than public.

Insurance: Private or international health insurance is strongly recommended, because public cover requires social-security contributions you will not have as a new arrival. Ensure your policy includes medical evacuation, as serious or specialist cases are frequently referred abroad to Greece, Italy, Kosovo or Turkey. Keep your insurer's assistance number saved offline.

• Note the reversed head gestures: a side-to-side shake can mean yes and a nod can mean no, so confirm verbally when it matters.
• Dress reasonably smartly in the city; Albanians take real pride in appearance and casual scruffiness stands out more than you would expect.
• Accept hospitality graciously when hosted, and bring a small gift such as coffee, sweets or raki if you are invited into someone's home.
• Learn a few Albanian phrases (faleminderit for thank you, mirembrema for good evening); even a little effort earns disproportionate warmth.
• Whoever issues the invitation usually expects to pay the bill, so offer but do not fight too hard over it when you are the guest.

• Bureaucracy runs on paper stamps, photocopies and personal contacts; expect queues, contradictory answers, and bring originals plus copies of everything.
• Do not assume prices or opening hours are fixed; both shift, and 'come back tomorrow' can mean several visits, so build in slack.
• Water and electricity outages happen without warning, so keep water stored and devices charged rather than treating utilities as guaranteed.